Psychological need satisfaction and thwarting: A test of Basic Psychological Needs Theory in physical activity contexts

Objectives: To test Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT; Deci & Ryan, 2002) to determine if psychological need thwarting experienced when physically active contributes to the understanding of wellbeing and ill-being. Design/method: Participants (N 1⁄4 155, 67.70% female, Mage 1⁄4 37.46 years; SDage 1⁄4 19.89 years) completed assessments of psychological need satisfaction and thwarting, subjective vitality and positive/negative affect during separate testing sessions separated by 6 months. Results: Scores from the modified version of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS-PA; Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan, & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2011) demonstrated discriminant evidence of validity, evidence of internal structure and minimal error variance. Changes in psychological need satisfaction positively predicted positive affect (R2 1⁄4 .16, p < .05), subjective vitality (R2 1⁄4 .13, p < .05) and negatively predicted negative affect (R2 1⁄4 .12, p < .05). Additional regression analyses revealed that changes in psychological need thwarting predicted negative affect (DR2 1⁄4 .11, p < .05), but not positive affect (DR2 1⁄4 .01, p > .05) or subjective vitality (DR2 1⁄4 .04, p > .05) beyond contributions made by psychological need satisfaction. Conclusions: Overall, these results extend the potential utility of the PNTS-PA as an instrument for use with BPNT beyond sport and support Deci and Ryan’s (2002) contentions regarding the critical role of psychological need thwarting. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.